Ten species of Galatheoidea (squat lobsters), belonging to two families, were collected in the Korean exclusive economic zone: Galathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964, Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858, Galathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858, and Galathea rubromaculata Miyake and Baba, 1967 belonging to Galatheidae; Bathymunida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933, Cervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902, Munida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993, Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858, Munida pherusa Macpherson and Baba, 1993, and Paramunida scabra (Henderson, 1885) belonging to Munididae. The present study comprises the morphological description of these ten species, including drawings and color photographs, a brief review of their regional records, and a key for their identification. Although all species are common in Japanese waters, G. balssi, G. rubromaculata, B. brevirostris, C. princeps, M. caesura, and M. pherusa are new to Korean marine fauna.
Keywords
GalatheidaeMunididaeSquat lobsterKorean fauna
Background
Based on a phylogenetic study, Ahyong et al. (2010) revised the classification of the superfamily Galatheoidea to include four families: Galatheidae, Munididae, Munidopsidae, and Porcellanidae. The former three families, together with the superfamily Chirostyloidea, which includes Chirostylidae, Eumunidae, and Kiwaidae, are known as “squat lobsters,” as their abdomen is tucked under the thorax, giving a “crouching or squatting” appearance (Baba et al. 2009). Squat lobsters are distributed worldwide and play an important role in the marine food webs of coastal marine zones. Some species inhabiting the eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic are of commercial importance (Poore et al. 2011). Although galatheoid squat lobsters comprise 877 species belonging to 45 genera (World Register of Marine Species 2015), in Korean waters, only four species belonging to three genera of two different families have been reported (Kim and Kim 1997): Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858 and Galathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858 in Galatheidae; Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858 and Paramunida scabra (Henderson, 1885) (as Munida) in Munididae (as Galatheidae).
The present study provides morphological descriptions and illustrations for ten species of squat lobsters (four Galatheidae and six Munididae), collected in the Korean exclusive economic zone during a fisheries resources investigation conducted by the National Institute of Fisheries Science (Korea), from 2003 to 2013. Of these, six species are recorded for the first time in Korean waters: Bathymunida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933, Cervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902, Galathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964, Galathea rubromaculata Miyake and Baba, 1967Munida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993, and Munida pherusa Macpherson and Baba, 1993. Eight of the ten Korean species occur in the West Pacific and B. brevirostris is endemic to the Korea and Tsushima Straits. Two other species, G. pubescens and Paramunida scabra are widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. A key for their identification is also provided.
Methods
The specimens examined in this study were deposited in the National Institute of Fisheries Science, Korea. Individuals were collected by SCUBA diving for G. orientalis and bottom otter trawls (mesh size at the cod end = 0.98 × 0.98 mm), operating during daytime for 30–60 min at 3.4 knots, on average for the other species. All samples were frozen on board shortly after capture and maintained at −80 °C until their morphological identification in the laboratory. Specimens were photographed before their identification, and then preserved in 70–90 % ethyl alcohol.
Carapace length (CL) was determined measuring the distance from the posterior margin of the orbit to the posterior mid-dorsal margin of the carapace, and used to indicate specimen size. The terminology used in descriptions mainly follows that of Baba et al. (2009). Species are arranged in alphabetical order.
Galathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964. Ovigerous female (CL 7.5 mm) from southern Jeju Island. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Left eye, antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral. c Ischium, merus and carpus of right third maxilliped, lateral. d Carpus and chela of left first pereopod, dorsal. e Left second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Galathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964: 205, Figs. 1, 2 (type locality: East China Sea, 120–122 m); Haig, 1973: 278, Fig. 2a–f; Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia, 2015: 56 (full synonymy).
Material examined
One male (CL 6.1 mm), one ovigerous female (CL 7.5 mm), 33° 05.8′N, 126° 47.2′E, southern Jeju Island, Korea, 101 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 25 Apr. 2004.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 1a) about 1.5 times longer than wide, with four lateral teeth. Carapace (Fig. 1a) with several interrupted transverse striae on its anterior half; epigastric and parahepatic spines present; lateral margin with small second anterolateral spine, anterior branchial margin with two spines. Pterygostomian flap unarmed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 1b) with basal segment bearing three distal spines. Ischium of third maxilliped (Fig. 1c) with one flexor spine on distal margin; merus with two flexor spines; carpus unarmed. First pereopod fingers (Fig. 1d) strongly gapped in male and slightly gapped in female, with large proximal tooth. Second pereopod carpus (Fig. 1e) bearing dorsal row of spines; propodus with six strong flexor corneous spines; dactylus about half length of propodus, biunguiculate, with row of teeth on flexor margin. Epipods absent on all pereopods.
Coloration
Carapace dull light brown; rostrum light reddish brown; first pereopod light brown, with light reddish brown band; second to fourth pereopods with pale brownish bands (Fig. 11a).
Distribution
Korea, Japan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Philippines, Indonesia, southwestern and eastern Australia, and Vanuatu; depth 31-222 m (Balss 1913, Miyake and Baba 1964, Haig 1973, Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia 2015).
Remarks
This species is easily distinguishable from its Korean congeners by the parahepatic spine on the carapace.
Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858. Ovigerous female (CL 5.2 mm) from Oryuk Islet, Busan. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Third and fourth thoracic sternites, ventral. c Right part of cephalothorax, showing antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral. d Ischium, merus, and carpus of right third maxilliped, lateral. e Distal part of chela of right first pereopod, ventral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858: 252 (type locality: Ly-i-moon passage near Hong Kong, depth 46 m); Miers, 1879: 51; Ortmann, 1892: 252, pl. 11, Figs. 10, 10a, 10i; Miyake and Baba, 1967: 232, Fig. 5; Kim, 1973: 175, Text-Fig. 19, pl. 64, Figs, 5a, 5b; Miyake, 1982: 145, with one figure, pl. 49, Fig. 1; Kim and Kim, 1987: 232; Baba et al. 2009: 120, Figs. 100–103; Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia, 2015: 206 (full synonymy).
Material examined
Two males (CL 3.0, 4.1 mm), two ovigerous females (CL 4.4, 5.2 mm), Oryuk Islet, Busan, Korea, 0–5 m depth, SCUBA diving, 23 Jul. 2014; six males (CL 2.2–2.9 mm), four females (CL 2.3–3.1 mm), Oryuk Islet, Busan, Korea, 10–15 m depth, SCUBA diving, 3 Dec. 2014; two males (CL 3.0, 3.2 mm), one female (CL 3.9 mm), Oryuk Islet, Busan, Korea, 0–5 m depth, SCUBA diving, 10 Mar. 2015; one male (CL 2.3 mm), two ovigerous females (CL 3.9, 4.0 mm), Oryuk Islet, Busan, Korea, 10–15 m depth, SCUBA diving, 14 Aug. 2015.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 2a) about 1.5 times longer than wide, with four lateral teeth. Carapace (Fig. 2a) with lateral orbital angle strongly produced; epigastric spine present; third stria between anteriormost spines on branchial lateral margin interrupted by cervical groove; lateral margin with moderately large second anterolateral spine; anterior branchial margin with two spines. Pterygostomial flap (Fig. 2c) with spine on anterior part. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 2b) about 0.8 times longer than broad; third sternite heart shape, anterior margin medially concave. Second pleomere (Fig. 2a) with two transverse ridges. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 2c) with basal segment bearing three distal spines. Third maxilliped merus (Fig. 2d) bearing two flexor and two extensor spines, carpus with three extensor spines. First pereopod (Fig. 2e) with fingers spooned distally. Epipods present only on first pereopod.
Coloration
Body light brown; appendages and carapace carinae and spines light reddish brown. However, color substantially varies in this species (see Baba et al. 2009).
Distribution
Korea, Japan, East China Sea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and western Australia; shore to 549 m depth (Stimpson 1858, Miers 1879, Ortmann 1892, Miyake and Baba 1937, Kim 1973, Miyake 1982, Baba et al. 2009, Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia 2015).
Remarks
G. orientalis is easily distinguished from its Korean congeners by the small spine on the anterior part of the pterygostomian flap. This species is relatively widely distributed in Korea (Kim 1973, Kim and Kim 1987).
Galathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858. Male (CL 6.0 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Third and fourth thoracic sternites, ventral. c Right antennular peduncle, ventral. d Right antennal peduncle, ventral. e Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. f Distal part of chela of left first pereopod, ventral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Galathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858: 90 (type locality: Hakodate and Amami-oshima, Japan, depth 46–60 m); Balss, 1913: 11, Figs. 11, 12; Yokoya, 1933: 57; Makarov, 1938: 88, Fig. 32, 33; Miyake, 1982: 145, pl. 49, Fig. 3; Baba, 1969: 48, Fig. 5; Kim, 1973: 176, Text-Fig. 20, pl. 65, Figs. 6a, 6b; Kim and Kim, 1987: 233; Baba et al., 2009:125, Figs. 105, 106; Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia, 2015: 266, Fig. 120A (full synonymy).
Material examined
One male (CL 6.0 mm), one female (CL 4.2 mm), 33° 09.6′N, 127° 28.4′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 112 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 25 Apr. 2004; one ovigerous female (CL 3.9 mm), 33° 24.8′N, 127° 43.5′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 117 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 26 Oct. 2006; one ovigerous female (CL 7.6 mm), 32° 17.7′N, 126° 15.3′E, southern Jeju Island, Korea, 97 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 13 Apr. 2008.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 3a) about 1.5 times longer than wide, lateral margin with four teeth. Carapace (Fig. 3a) pubescent dorsally, with many small spines on its anterior half; lateral orbital angle with small spine; epigastric region with row of small spines arranged in concentric arc; lateral margin with three to four small spines between anterolateral spine and anterior most branchial spine; branchial margin with three to four spines in its anterior half. Pterygostomian flap unarmed. Second and third pleomeres with four transverse ridges each. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 3b) about 0.7 times longer than wide; third sternite heart shaped, anterior margin medially excavated. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 3c) with basal segment bearing well-developed distodorsal and distolateral spines, distomesial spine minute. First segment of antennal peduncle (Fig. 3d) bearing one distal spine on lateral margin and two mesial spines. Third maxilliped merus (Fig. 3e) with three flexor spines, occasionally one small additional spine between distal and second spines; extensor margin with two distal spines. First pereopod (Fig. 3f) with fingers distally spooned, cutting edge with intermeshing teeth. Epipods only on first pereopod.
Coloration
Carapace and anterior half of abdomen orange, whitish along midline; first pereopod orange with whitish spine tips (Fig. 11b).
Distribution
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Philippines, New Caledonia, Central Queensland, Western Australia, Tanzania, and South Africa; depth 45-494 m (Stimpson 1858, Balss 1913, Yokoya 1933, Makarov 1938, Miyake 1982, Baba 1962, Kim 1987, Baba et al. 2009 Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia 2015).
Remarks
The present species is easily distinguished from its Korean congeners by the pubescent carapace and the numerous small spines on the anterior part of the carapace.
Galathea rubromaculata Miyake and Baba, 1967. Male (CL 3.9 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Third and fourth thoracic sternites, ventral. c Right antennular peduncle, ventral. d Right antennal peduncle, ventral. e Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Galathea rubromaculata Miyake and Baba, 1967: 236, Figs. 7, 8 (type locality: East China Sea, 32° 24.8′N, 129° 24.7′E, depth 173 m); Baba, 2005: 245; Poore et al., 2011: 333, pl. 11G-H; Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia, 2015: 271 (full synonymy).
Material examined
One male (CL 3.9 mm), 33° 15.4′N, 127° 39.8′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 132 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 20, 28 Mar 2013.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 4a) broadly triangular with four shallowly incised lateral teeth. Carapace (Fig. 4a) weakly striated, without gastric spines; lateral margin without second anterolateral spine; anterior branchial margin with two spines. Pterygostomian flap unarmed. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 4b) about 0.8 times longer than wide; third sternite rectangular, posterior margin nearly straight. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 4c) with basal segment bearing three terminal spines. First segment of antennal peduncle (Fig. 4d) bearing one distal spine on each lateral and mesial margins; second segment with one distal spine on mesial margin. Merus of third maxilliped (Fig. 4e) with two stout ventral and two small dorsal spines. Epipods absent from all pereopods.
Coloration
Red spots bilaterally arranged on white carapace and pleon.
Distribution
Korea, Japan, and Philippines; depth 132-500 m (Miyake and Baba 1967, Baba 2005, Poore et al. 2011, Macpherson and Robainas-Barcia 2015).
Remarks
This species differs from its Korean congeners by having weakly striated carapace and lacking gastric spines. Color of live individuals is also distinctive: red spots on a carapace and pleon.
Family Munididae Ahyong, Baba, Macpherson and Poore, 2010
(New Korean name: Ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i-gwa)
GenusBathymunidaBalss, 1914
(New Korean Name: Jjalb-eun-ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i-sok)
Bathymunida brevirostrisYokoya, 1933
(New Korean name: Jjalb-eun-ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i)
Bathymunida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933. Ovigerous female (CL 5.1 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. a Carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal. b Right third maxilliped, lateral. c Merus to dactylus of right second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Munida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933: 64, Fig. 28 (type locality: north of Goto Island, Japan, depth 106 m).
Bathymunida brevirostris: Baba, 1970: 59, Figs. 1, 2; Baba and de Saint Laurent, 1996: 450, Fig. 8 (full synonymy); Baba, 2005: 239; Baba et al., 2008: 56.
Material examined
One female (CL 5.1 mm), 33° 24.8′N, 127° 43.5′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 117 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 26 Oct. 2006.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 5a) anteriorly narrowed with well-developed supraocular spines distinctly exceeding minute median rostral spine. Carapace (Fig. 5b) without continuous ridges; minute scale-like striae on dorsal surface, especially numerous on gastric region; gastric and cardiac processes strongly compressed laterally; postcervical spines pronounced; anterolateral margin with small spine, branchial marginal spines relatively strong. Eyestalks (Fig. 5a) without tubercles; eyelashes barely discernible. Merus and ischium of third maxilliped (Fig. 5b) bearing distal spine on flexor margin. Second pereopod propodus (Fig. 5c) with row of small corneous spines on ventral margin; dactylus slender, slightly shorter than propodus, slightly curved in distal half, flexor margin with one spiniform seta at its midlength, approximately.
Coloration
Carapace and abdomen pale brown with several scattered orange-red spots; chelipeds pale brown with red marks on fingers but not on distal and proximal portions (Fig. 11c).
Distribution
Korea and Japan; depth 105-173 m (Yokoya 1933, Baba 1970, Baba and de Saint Laurent 1996, Baba 2005, Baba et al. 2008).
Remarks
This species is the sole representative of Bathymunida known in Korean waters and it is restricted to the Korea and Tsushima Straits.
Cervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902. Male (CL 30.2 mm) from southern Busan. a Carapace, cephalic and thoracic appendages, dorsal. b Same, lateral
Cervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902: 249, Fig. 3 [type locality: off Honshu, Japan, “Albatross” St. 3698 (Sagami Bay, Manazuru Zaki), depth 280 m]; Balss, 1913: 18, Fig. 15, pl. 1, Fig. 1; Makarov, 1938: 100, Fig. 37; Miyake, 1982: 149, pl. 50, Fig. 4; Baba, 1986: 167, 288, Fig. 118; Baba et al., 2008: 59, Fig. 3I; Baba et al., 2009: 92, Figs. 75–77 (full synonymy).
Material examined
One male (CL 30.2 mm), southern Geoje Island, Korea, 112 m depth, bottom otter trawl, TS Kaya (Pukyong National University), 23 Sep. 2002; one male (CL 31.3 mm), 33° 34.5′N, 125° 19.5′E, southern Gageo Island, Korea, 89 m depth, bottom otter trawl, 9 Nov. 2006; one female (CL 22.9 mm), 35° 05.3′N, 129° 24.1′E, southern Busan, Korea, 110 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 3, 24 Mar. 2004.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 6a, b) laterally compressed, strongly arched; dorsal margin with two large and five additional small teeth; ventral margin with one strong tooth; supraocular spines curving dorsally, slightly reaching rostrum midlength. Carapace (Fig. 6a, b) striated; dorsal surface with six epigastric, two parahepatic, two postcervical, and two anterior branchial spines; cervical groove distinct; lateral margin with seven spines including two anterior branchial spines; anterolateral spine well developed. Second to fourth pleomeres with eight spines each on anterior ridge. Epipods absent from all pereopods.
Coloration
Body coloration orange to orange-red; rostrum deep red at distal and proximal portions and white in between; fingers and mesial margin of chelipeds orange-red (Fig. 11d).
Distribution
Korea, Japan, East China Sea, Taiwan, and Philippines; depth 76-452 m (Benedict 1902, Balss 1913, Makarov 1938, Miyake 1982, Baba 1986, Baba et al. 2008, Baba et al. 2009).
Remarks
The genus Cervimunida is represented by two species: C. princeps from the western Pacific and Cervimunida johni Porter, 1903 from the southeastern Pacific.
GenusMunidaLeach, 1820
(Korean name: Ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i-sok)
Munida caesuraMacpherson and Baba, 1993
(New Korean name: Kkeun-son-ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i)
Munida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993. Male (CL 16.7 mm) from southern Busan. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Sternal plastron, ventral. c Right antennular peduncle, ventral. d Right antennal peduncle, ventral. e Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. f Dactylus of right second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Munida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993: 388, Fig. 3 (type locality: Tosa Bay, Japan, depth 250–300 m); Wu et al., 1998: 108, Figs. 20, 21H; Baba et al., 2009: 245, Figs. 27–29 (full synonymy).
Material examined
Four males (CL 13.1–16.7 mm), one female (CL 12.0 mm), 35° 05.3′N, 129° 24.1′E, southern Busan, Korea, 110 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 3, 24 Mar. 2004.
Description
Carapace (Fig. 7a) with numerous transverse striae; intestinal region with scale-like stria; frontal margin oblique; anterolateral spines slightly overreaching sinus between rostral and supraocular spines. Pleomeres unarmed. Sternal plastron (Fig. 7b) with numerous striae; third sternite with anterior margin slightly bilobed, posterior margin broader than anterior margin of fourth sternite; fourth and fifth sternites with several oblique striae. Eyes (Fig. 7a) large. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 7c) with basal segment bearing subequal terminal spines. Second segment of antennal peduncle (Fig. 7d) with distomesial spine reaching distal margin of fourth segment and one additional small spine on mesial margin. Merus of third maxilliped (Fig. 7e) bearing one distal extensor spine and two flexor spines. Second pereopod (Fig. 7f) with dactylus proximally stout, proximal flexor margin convex with corneous spines on proximal three quarters and unarmed on distal quarter.
Coloration
Generally orange red; pereopods with numerous red dots; fingers of chelipeds reddish with whitish tips (Fig. 11f).
Distribution
Korea, Japan, Taiwan, South China Sea, Philippines, and Indonesia; depth 110-1211 m (Macpherson and Baba 1993, Wu et al. 1998, Baba et al. 2009).
Remarks
M. caesura can be distinguished from its Korean congeners based on the following characters: (1) second pleomere unarmed on anterior ridge; (2) anterior margin of the third thoracic sternite weakly bilobed; and (3) posterior margin of the third thoracic sternite broader than the anterior margin of the fourth sternite.
Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858. Male (CL 6.9 mm) from western Jeju Island. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Sternal plastron, ventral. c Right antennular peduncle, ventral. d Right antennal peduncle, ventral. e Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. f Chela of right first pereopod, dorsal. g Dactylus of left second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Munida japonica Stimpson, 1858: 252 (type locality: Kagoshima Bay, Japan, depth 36 m; type material extinct); Miyake and Baba, 1967: 240, Figs. 11, 12; Macpherson and Baba, 1993: 399, Fig. 9 [neotype designated (type locality: Makura-zaki, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, depth 145 m)]; Wu et al., 1998: 115, Figs. 24, 26F, G; Komai et al., 2002: 55; Baba et al., 2009: 163, Figs. 142–148 (full synonymy).
?Munida japonica: Kim, 1973: 178, pl. 65, Fig. 7; Miyake, 1982: 146, pl. 49, Fig. 4.
Material examined
One male (CL 9.1 mm), 33° 00.9′N, 125° 13.9′E, western Jeju Island, Korea, 90 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 26 Mar 2003; one male (CL 6.9 mm), 33° 00.0′N, 126° 08.6′E, western Jeju Island, Korea, 114 m depth, bottom otter trawl, 29 Mar. 2003; one female (CL 7.8 mm), 33° 30.0′N, 127° 50.6′E, northeastern Jeju Island, Korea, 112 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 3, 5 Apr. 2003; one female (CL 8.9 mm), 33° 09.6′N, 127° 28.4′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 112 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 25 Apr. 2004; one male (CL 7.6 mm), 33° 24.8′N, 127° 43.5′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 117 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 26 Oct. 2006.
Description
Carapace (Fig. 8a) with frontal margin slightly oblique; anterior spine not reaching sinus level between rostrum and supraocular spine; posterior branchial margin with five spines; no scale-like or short stria on intestinal region. Second pleomere (Fig. 8a) with two spines on each side of anterior transverse stria. Sternal plastron (Fig. 8b) with few striae on fourth sternite; anterior margin of fourth sternite contiguous to median part of posterior margin of third sternite. Eyes (Fig. 8a) large. Basal segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 8c) with terminal spines subequal. First segment of antennal peduncle (Fig. 8d) bearing distomesial spine almost reaching distal margin of third segment; second segment bearing small mesial spine and prominent distomesial spine overreaching distal margin of fourth segment. Merus of third maxilliped (Fig. 8e) bearing distinct distal spine on extensor margin; flexor margin with three spines. First pereopod (Fig. 8f) with fingers as long as palm, each bearing proximal spines fairly dorsal, and between subterminal and basal spines. Flexor margin of dactylus in second pereopod (Fig. 8g) bearing corneous spines in proximal two thirds and unarmed on distal portion.
Coloration
Generally orange red; chelipeds with whitish lateral margins and reddish mesial margins; ambulatory legs with slight reddish brown and white bands (Fig. 11g).
Distribution
Korea, Japan, East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines, and Indonesia; depth 22-732 m (Stimpson 1858, Miyake and Baba 1967, Macpherson and Baba 1993, Wu et al. 1998, Komai et al. 2002, Baba et al. 2009).
Remarks
M. japonica is easily distinguished from its two Korean congeners, as it has two spines on each side of anterior ridge of the second pleomere and few striae on the fourth and fifth thoracic sternites. Macpherson and Baba (1993) clarified the taxonomy of M. japonica designating a neotype, as previous records of this species comprised incorrect identifications. Although Kim (1973) recorded M. japonica from Korea, it is difficult to fully assess the identity of the materials used by this author without reexamining them. Thus, Kim’s (1973) record is questionably included in the synonymy. Nevertheless, the present study confirms the occurrence of M. japonica in Korea. This species is widely distributed in Korean waters from Busan to western Jeju Island.
Munida pherusaMacpherson and Baba, 1993
(New Korean name: Ju-reum-ba-neul-i-ma-sae-u-but-i)
Munida pherusa Macpherson and Baba, 1993. Male (CL 8.9 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Sternal plastron, ventral. c Right antennular peduncle, ventral. d Right antennal peduncle, ventral. e Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. f Chela of right first pereopod, dorsal. g Dactylus of left second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Munida pherusa Macpherson and Baba 1993: 408, fig. 15 (type locality: Philippines, 13° 56.5′N, 120° 20.7′E, depth 136–152 m); Wu et al., 1998: 122, Figs 28, 35B; Komai et al. 2002: 55; Baba et al., 2009: 178, Figs. 158, 159 (full synonymy).
Material examined
One female (CL 6.9 mm), 33° 30.0′N, 127° 50.6′E, northeastern Jeju Island, Korea, 112 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 3, 5 Apr. 2003; two males (CL 3.0, 8.9 mm), 33° 24.8′N, 127° 43.5′E, eastern Jeju Island, Korea, 117 m depth, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 1, 26 Oct. 2006.
Description
Carapace (Fig. 9a) with median gastric spine; branchial margin with five spines. Pleomeres unarmed. Sternal plastron (Fig. 9b) with numerous striae; third sternite with anterior margin producing two distinct lobes, posterior margin slightly narrower than anterior margin of fourth sternite. Eyes (Fig. 9a) large. Basal segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 9c) bearing two subequal spines. First segment of antennal peduncle (Fig. 9d) bearing distomesial spine almost reaching distal margin of third segment; distomesial spine of second segment reaching distal margin of fourth peduncular segment. Merus of third maxilliped (Fig. 9e) with three spines on flexor margin; extensor margin with distal spine. Fingers of first pereopod (Fig. 9f) about two thirds of length of propodus; cutting edges strongly gapped in males, slightly gapped in female, each with proximal spine. Second pereopod (Fig. 9g) with dactylus bearing corneous spines on proximal two thirds of flexor margin and unarmed in distal portion.
Distribution
Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and Indonesia; 73-167 m (Macpherson and Baba 1993, Wu et al. 1998, Komai et al. 2002, Baba et al. 2009).
Remarks
M. pherusa is distinguished from the closely related M. caesura by the two distinctly produced lobes in the anterior margin of the third thoracic sternite, and by showing a narrower posterior margin than the anterior margin of the fourth sternite.
Paramunida scabra Henderson, 1885. Female (CL 11.1 mm) from southern Busan. a Carapace and eyes, dorsal. b Right antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral. c Ischium and merus of right third maxilliped, lateral. d Dactylus of right second pereopod, lateral. Scales = 1.0 mm
Fig. 11
The six Galatheoidea described in the present study. aGalathea balssi Miyake and Baba, 1964: ovigerous female (CL 7.5 mm) from southern Jeju Island. bGalathea pubescens Stimpson, 1858: male (CL 6.0 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. cBathymunida brevirostris Yokoya, 1933: ovigerous female (CL 5.1 mm) from eastern Jeju Island. dCervimunida princeps Benedict, 1902: female (CL 22.9 mm) from southern Busan. eMunida caesura Macpherson and Baba, 1993: male (CL 16.7 mm) from southern Busan. fMunida japonica Stimpson, 1858: male (CL 6.9 mm) from western Jeju Island
Munida scabra Henderson, 1885: 409 (type locality: off the Ki (Kei) Island, 05° 49′15″S, 132° 14′15″E, depth 236 m); Henderson, 1888: 134, pl. 15, Figs. 4, 4a, 4b; Miyake and Baba, 1967: 242, Fig. 13; Kim, 1973: 178; Miyake, 1982: 149, pl. 50, Fig. 2; Baba, 1986: 175, 292, Fig. 125; Kim and Kim, 1987: 233.
Paramunida scabra: Macpherson 1993: 462, Fig. 8; Baba et al., 2009: 281, Figs. 257, 258 (full synonymy).
Material examined
Two males (CL 11.0, 11.1 mm), one female (CL 11.1 mm), 34° 49.9′N, 129° 04.3′E, southern Busan, Korea, 93 m, bottom otter trawl, RV Tamgu 3, 24 Sep. 2008.
Description
Rostrum (Fig. 10a) with thin dorsal carina; supraocular spine reaching rostrum midlength. Carapace (Fig. 10a) median gastric region with two spines; cardiac region with row of four spines on midline. Posterior ridge of fourth pleomere with distinct single median spine. Sternal plastron with striae. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 10b) with prolongation of first segment overreaching distal margin of antennular peduncle; second segment with well-developed distomesial spine nearly reaching distal margin of fourth peduncular segment. Merus of third maxilliped (Fig. 10c) bearing one distal spine on flexor margin. Second pereopod (Fig. 10d) with flexor margin of dactylus slightly curved distally, unarmed on flexor margin.
Coloration
Carapace and abdomen generally light pink or reddish brown; epigastric and cardiac regions reddish; first to fourth pereopods whitish, with red bands and a few small red spots; first pereopod fingers whitish with reddish distal and proximal parts.
Distribution
Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Philippines, Indonesia, East and South China Sea, and Eastern Africa; depth 70-1630 m (Henderson 1885, 1888, Miyake and Baba 1967, Kim 1973, Miyake 1982, Baba 1986, Macpherson 1993, Baba et al. 2009).
Remarks
This species is the sole representative of the genus Paramunida known from Korean waters.
Conclusions
Biogeography
The geographic ranges of the 10 Galatheoidea species recorded from Korean waters are summarized in Table 1. Although all species are commonly found in Japanese waters, six species were recorded for the first time in Korean waters. Seven species are also found in Taiwan, eight in the Philippines, five in Indonesia, and three in Australia. Two species, G. pubescens and P. scabra are widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. B. brevirostris is endemic to Korea and Tsushima Straits.
Table 1
Geographic ranges of the galatheoid species inhabiting Korean waters recorded in the present study
Species
Japan
Taiwan
Philippines
Indonesia
Australia
Indian Ocean
Depth (m)
aGalathea balssi
+
+
+
+
31–222
Galathea orientalis
+
+
+
0–549
Galathea pubescens
+
+
+
+
+
45–494
aGalathea rubromaculata
+
+
132–500
aBathymunida brevirostris
+
105–173
aCervimunida princeps
+
+
+
76–452
aMunida caesura
+
+
+
+
110–1211
Munida japonica
+
+
+
+
22–732
aMunida pherusa
+
+
+
+
73–167
Paramunida scabra
+
+
+
+
+
70–1630
Total
10
7
8
5
3
2
aNewly recorded in Korea
Key to the Galatheoidea found in Korean waters
1. Rostrum broad, flattened, and subtriangular; supraocular spines present or absent ……………………………………………………………………….. Galatheidae, Galathea 2
2. Carapace with parahepatic spine .…………..… G. balssi
– Carapace without parahepatic spine ………………… 3
3. Epipod absent on first pereopod …………..………………..…..………..……..……………..………… G. rubromaculata
– Epipod present on first pereopod ……………………. 4
4. Pterygostomian flap with spine on anterior part ….………..………………......……..……………….. G. orientalis
– Pterygostomian flap without spine on surface ……………….....……………..…......……..…......... G. pubescens
5. Rostrum with dorsal and ventral spines ….....……………..…......……..…......…. Cervimunida princeps
– Rostrum without dorsal and ventral spines ………... 6
6. Rostrum spiniform, well developed; carapace with distinct transverse ridges or striae ……………….... Munida 8
– Rostrum short; carapace without distinct transverse ridges or striae ……...............………................………............. 7
7. Carapace with prominent gastric and cardiac spines; first segment of antennal peduncle with short process ……………………………………. Bathymunida brevirostris
– Carapace covered with granules or spinules, lacking prominent gastric and cardiac spines; first segment of antennal peduncle with elongate, anteriorly directed process …………………………………... Paramunida scabra
8. Second pleomere with two spines on each side of anterior ridge ………………………………………... M. japonica
– Second pleomere unarmed on anterior ridge ……………………………………………………………...……….. 9
9. Third thoracic sternite with anterior margin slightly bilobed, posterior margin broader than anterior margin of fourth sternite …………..….………………….. M. caesura
– Third thoracic sternite with anterior margin producing two distinct lobes, posterior margin narrower than anterior margin of fourth sternite ………………………………….………………………………………….. M. pherusa
Declarations
Acknowledgements
This work was supported a grant by the National Institute of Fisheries Science, Korea (R2016032).
Authors’ contributions
JNK and JHC carried out the sampling and identification each species. JNK and MHK participated in drafted the manuscript. YJI conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors’ Affiliations
(1)
West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science
(2)
Korea Inter-University Institute of Ocean Science, Pukyong National University
(3)
Southeast Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science
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