Fig. 1

Structure analysis among five mangrove red snapper populations. Estimated population structure based on the highest probability STRUCTURE run at K = 5. Each individual is represented by a thin vertical line partitioned into K colored segments that represent the individual’s estimated membership fractions in each of the K clusters. Cluster 1, red; Cluster 2, yellow; Cluster 3, green; Cluster 4, blue; and Cluster 5, gray. Hatchery samples: H1–H4; wild samples: W