Fig. 1

Effect of HSS on the production of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs. a Cytotoxic effect of HSS was measured by MTS assay. b Cells pretreated with the indicated concentration of HSS for 1 h were stimulated with TNF-α for 6 h. Equal amounts of total protein were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE. The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and β-actin was examined by Western blot using corresponding antibodies. c Cells pretreated with the indicated concentration of HSS for 1 h were stimulated with TNF-α for 6 h, and total RNA was prepared for RT-PCR. d Fixed cells with 1% paraformaldehyde were analyzed by ELISA for the cell surface expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The values are shown as the means ± SDs from three independent experiments. ^#P < 0.05 represents significant differences versus the non-treated group. *P < 0.05 represents significant differences versus the TNF-α-only group