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Table 1 Stages of anesthesia and recovery of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, after exposing to clove oil*

From: Anesthetic efficacy and physiological responses of clove oil on juvenile and adult red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akarra

Stage

Characteristic behavior

 

Anesthesia

A1

Normal swimming; operculum movement and normal general movement

A2

Swimming speed slowed; rolling from side to side

A3

Partial loss of equilibrium; swimming erratically

A4

Complete loss of equilibrium; swimming perfectly inside-out; pectoral fin, pelvic fin, and dorsal fin movement stop

A5

Little sedation; anal fin and tail fin movement stop

A6

Perfect sedation; only operculum movement

A7

Operculum movement ceased

 

Recovery

R1

Resume operculum movement

R2

Preferential movement of pectoral fin and tail fin

R3

Dorsal fin, pelvic fin, and anal fin movement

R4

Swimming perfectly inside-out

R5

Swimming erratically; redressing the balance

R6

Normal swimming; responsiveness to visual stimuli

  1. *Modified from Summerfelt and Smith (1990)