Fig. 1

Variations in blood plasma cortisol concentrations in juvenile and adult red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, after exposure to 50 ppm clove oil for 48 h in various temperatures. Values are means ± SE of triplicate experiments (n = 10). a Juvenile (means BL, 10.4 ± 3.8 cm); b adult (means BL, 35.6 ± 4.3 cm). Different letters on error bars are significantly different among different elapsed time points in anesthesia groups (P < 0.05)