Table 2 Various biological activities of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus component

α-Glucosidase

Organic solvent (80% MeOH)

n-Hexane fraction (Unsaturated fatty acids)

–

(Nguyen et al. 2011)

Anti-coagulation

Hydrolysis (Diastase vera)

Glycosaminoglycan

–

(Yang et al. 2015b)

Hydrolysis (Diastase vera)

Glycosaminoglycan

–

(Yang et al. 2015a)

Anti-cancer

–

Acid mucopolysaccharide

–

(Lu et al. 2010)

Organic solvent (80% EtOH)

CH2Cl2/EtOAc fraction

Red

(Park et al. 2011)

Organic solvent (70% EtOH)

Extracts

–

(Kim et al. 2017)

Anti-fungal activity

Organic solvent (60% EtOH)

n-BuoH fraction (Nortriterpene/triterpene glycosides)

–

(Wang et al. 2012)

Anti-hyperlipidemic activity

Hydrolysis (Papain)

Polysaccharide

–

(Liu et al. 2012b)

Anti-inflammation

Organic solvent (MeOH)

EtOAc fraction

–

(Himaya et al. 2010)

Organic solvent (80% EtOH)

EtOAc fraction

Red

(Park et al. 2011)

Anti-melanogenesis

Organic solvent (80% EtOH)

EtOAc fraction

Red

(Yoon et al. 2010)

Water/70% EtOH

Adenosine/ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside

–

(Husni et al. 2011)

Organic solvent (65% EtOH)

Extracts

Red

(Oh et al. 2017)

Anti-osteoclastogenesis

Chloroform/methanol

Fucan sulfates

–

(Kariya et al. 2004)

Anti-oxidation

Water/70% EtOH

Crude saponin

–

(Husni et al. 2009)

Hydrolysis (Flavourzyme)

Gelatin

–

(Wang et al. 2010)

Hydrolysis (Trypsin)

Peptide

–

(Zhou et al. 2012)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin)

Collagen

–

(Zhu et al. 2012)

Hydrolysis (Papain)

Polysaccharide

–

(Lui et al., 2012b)

McIIvaines buffer

Peptide

–

(Zheng et al. 2012)

Immunomodulatory effect

–

Acid mucopolysaccharide

–

(Song et al. 2013)

Water

Protein-sulfated fucan complex

–

(Cao et al. 2017)

Proliferative effect

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Zhang et al. 2010b)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Sheng et al. 2011)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin)

Collagen

Red

(Park et al. 2012)

Neural related activities

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Cui et al. 2016c)

Organic solvent (CHCl₃/MeOH)

Ganglioside

–

(Kaneko et al. 2003)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Cui et al. 2016a)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Sheng et al. 2012)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Zhang et al. 2010a)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide/fucoidan/Heparin

–

(Cui et al. 2016b)

Hydrolysis (Pepsin/trypsin)

Polysaccharide

–

(Cui et al. 2015)

Hydrolysis (Protease N Amano G)

Chondroitin sulfate

–

(Shida et al. 2017)